《语言论》:An Introduction to the Study of Speech Language and culture,Sapir contends,are separate from each other,Contrary to conventional belief,language is not an expression of "national temperament,"or of racial or geograhic influences,and is not an inherited skill.
Against thisgeneral background,Professor Sapir analyzes,for student and common reader,the elements of language.
《语言论》:An Introduction to the Study of Speech Language and culture,Sapir contends,are separate from each other,Contrary to conventional belief,language is not an expression of "national temperament,"or of racial or geograhic influences,and is not an inherited skill.
Against thisgeneral background,Professor Sapir analyzes,for student and common reader,the elements of language.
Among these are the units of language (i.e.,the word with its "radical" and "grammatical" parts),grammatical concepts and their origins,how languages differ and resemble one another,and the history of the growth of representative languages.
Written more than fifty years ago,language stands as one of the clearest and most comprehensive surveys of its subject in English.
当代国外语言学与应用语言学文库
目录
· · · · · ·
Contents
Chapter 1 The Study of Language 1
Chapter 2 The Use of Language 20
Chapter 3 Speech-Communities 42
Chapter 4 The Languages of the World 58
Chapter 5 The Phoneme 75
· · · · · ·
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Contents
Chapter 1 The Study of Language 1
Chapter 2 The Use of Language 20
Chapter 3 Speech-Communities 42
Chapter 4 The Languages of the World 58
Chapter 5 The Phoneme 75
Chapter 6 Types of Phonemes 95
Chapter 7 Modifications 112
Chapter 8 Phonetic Structure 132
Chapter 9 Meaning 145
Chapter 10 Grammatical Forms 165
Chapter 11 Sentence-Types 178
Chapter 12 Syntax 193
Chapter 13 Morphology 217
Chapter 14 Morphologic Types 239
Chapter 15 Substitution 260
Chapter 16 Form-Classes and Lexicon 279
Chapter 17 Written Records 297
Chapter 18 The Comparative Method 314
Chapter 19 Dialect Geography 339
Chapter 20 Phonetic Change 365
Chapter 21 Types of Phonetic Change 390
Chapter 22 Fluctuation in the Frequency of Forms 415
Chapter 23 Analogic Change 428
Chapter 24 Semantic Change 450
Chapter 25 Cultural Borrowing 470
Chapter 26 Intimate Borrowing 488
Chapter 27 Dialect Borrowing 504
Chapter 28 Applications and Outlook 524
Notes 539
Bibliography 556
Table of Phonetic Symbols 581
· · · · · · (收起)
语言学的基本假设：在一定的社团（言语社团）里，某些话语在形式和意义上是相同的。
我们的基本假设意味着每一个语言形式有一个固定的和特殊的意义。如果有些形式在语音上不同，我们就假定它们的意义也是不同的——比方，在quick, fast, swift, rapid, speedy这一组的意义特征上是不同的。简单地说，我们认为没有真正的同义词【案：而只有近义词】。另一方面，我们的假设也意味着，如果某些形式在语义上是不同的（也就是说，语言的意义是不同的），它们就不是“同一个”形式，即使它们在语音形式上可能相近。比方在英语里。[bɛə]这个语音形式以三种不同的意义出现：bear(背负、分娩)，bear(熊)，和bear(光秃秃的)。同样，[pɛə]代表两个名词（pear(梨)和pair（一对））和一个动词（pare(削皮)）[…]。凡是具有相同的语音形式（而只是意义不同）的不同语言形式就叫做同音异义词（homonyms）。由于我们没有把握来确定意义，所以我们往往不能决定用于不同场合的某个语音形式是否具有相同的意义或者代表一组同音异义词。例如，英语动词bear在bear a burden(负重但)，bear troubles(受累)，bear fruits(结果实)，bear offspring(生孩子)这些中间可以看成是同一个形式或者是两个甚至是两个以上的同音异义词。同样，在charge the cannon with grapeshot(给加农炮加上葡萄弹)，charge the men with larceny(控告那个人犯了盗窃罪)，charge the gloves to me(买手套把款子记在我的账上)，charge him a stiff price(向他讨高价)，这里的charge也可以有好几种不同的看法；the infantry will charge the for... (查看原文)
1 有用 宿命论 2010-10-22 00:00:06
布龍菲爾德…
0 有用 小子 2011-02-06 20:03:01
读过一点，和可爱的本科小朋友们一起上的课。
0 有用 Julie 2014-01-10 10:16:44
语言简单，很好的入门书，介绍性质。
0 有用 乔姆斯基脑残粉 2023-01-26 16:23:53 江苏
描写语言学的集大成，入门必读
0 有用 太阳鱼 2011-10-21 20:53:33
19世纪的语言学著作，非常有哲学情结。