作者:
Bradly W. Reed
/
白德瑞 出版社: Stanford University Press 副标题: County Clerks and Runners in the Qing Dynasty 出版年: 2000-3-1 页数: 352 定价: USD 65.00 装帧: Hardcover ISBN: 9780804737586
For commoners in the Qing dynasty, the most salient agents of the imperial state were not the emperor’s appointed officials but rather the clerks and runners of the county yamen, the lowest level of functionaries in the Qing state’s administrative hierarchy. Yet until now we have known very little about these critically important persons beyond the caricatured portrayals of cor...
For commoners in the Qing dynasty, the most salient agents of the imperial state were not the emperor’s appointed officials but rather the clerks and runners of the county yamen, the lowest level of functionaries in the Qing state’s administrative hierarchy. Yet until now we have known very little about these critically important persons beyond the caricatured portrayals of corruption and venality left by Qing high officials and elites.
Drawing from the rich archival records of Ba county, Sichuan, the author challenges the simplicity of these portrayals by taking us inside the county yamen to provide the first detailed look at local administrative practice from the perspective of those who actually carried it out. Who were the county clerks and runners? How were they recruited, organized, disciplined, and rewarded? What was the economic basis for a career in the yamen? How did clerks and runners view themselves as well as legitimize their role in Qing government? And what impact did their interests and practices have on symbolically laden elements of imperial government such as the magistrate’s court?
In addressing these questions, the author traverses the disjuncture between statutory regulations and the realities of daily administrative practice, uncovering a realm of informal, semiautonomous, yet highly structured and even rationalized procedures. Although frequently in violation of formal law, this extra-statutory system nevertheless remained an irreducible component of local government under the Qing. Recognizing the centrality of such informal practice to yamen administration forces us to rethink not only traditional assumptions concerning local corruption in the Qing, but also the ways in which we conceptualize the boundaries between state and society in late imperial China.
Bradly W. Reed (白德瑞) is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Virginia.
Education
B.A. University of Oregon 1980
M.A. University of Washington 1989
Ph.D. UCLA 1994
Publications, Awards, and Activities
Talons and Teeth, County Clerks and Runners in the Qing Dynasty, Stanford University Press, 2000
"Gentry Activism in Nineteenth-Century Sichuan: The Three Fees Bureau," Late Imperial China, 20:2 (December 1999): 99-127
"Shincho koki shisen ni okeru shu zei, saizei, sozei dain ," (informal administrative financing and tax collection in 19th-century Sichuan, a report from Ba County), Chu goku Shakai to Bunka (Chinese society and culture), Association for Studies of Chinese Society and Culture, University of Tokyo, no. 13 1998
"Money and Justice: Clerks, Runners, and the Magistrate's Court in Late Imperial Sichuan," Modern China 21:3 (July) 1995.
Committee on Scholarly Communications with China, National Academy of Sciences, Research Fellowship, 1991-93.
在杜赞奇看来，这些低级别行政办事人员即便在行使正式的国家权力之时，也会在国家的有效控制范围之外行事。此辈在人数上的不断增多及其所做出的各种掠夺性行为，最终导致了一种杜赞奇称之为“国家政权内卷化（ state involution）”的发展模式。杜赞奇认为，正是这一过程造成了国民党政府的正当性丧失。 (查看原文)
非常优秀的博士论文了. 可以学习的是如何处理儒家的意识形态在各方角力和行政过程的作用, 比如对衙役的偏见可以视为gentry对国家权力的不满; informal and extrastatutory practice 延续了Philip Huang的理论架构。我对他反复用的“rational practice”抱有疑惑，到底什么行为才是rational的？
Clerks and runners were rationalized based on customary procedures formulated and enforced by yamen personnel themselves. This illicit legitimacy constituted a functional and durable local administrat...Clerks and runners were rationalized based on customary procedures formulated and enforced by yamen personnel themselves. This illicit legitimacy constituted a functional and durable local administrative system. Its meticulous archival work and solid narrative outweigh the boredom of the topic. Will return as the potential for continuity emerges.(展开)
或许需要先破除一个迷思：几十年前已经出版的书今日再度面世，不一定对当下会有什么现实意义或价值。出版一部书籍，涉及方方面面的程序，这些程序消耗的时间成本难以想象。白德瑞（Bradly W. Reed）的《爪牙：清代县衙的书吏与差役》（Talons and Teeth : County Clerks and Ru...
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从上世纪八十年代以来，随着欧美人文学术主流从精英阶层到下层民众，从政治到文化的学术转型，对于帝制时代中国政治史的研究，也转到向来为人忽略的下层群体。这方面的代表作之一就是白德瑞（Bradly Reed）的《爪牙：清代县衙的书办差役》（Talons and Teeth: County Clerks an...
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How Might a \"New Legal History\" Be Possible: Recent Trends of Chinese Legal History Studies in the United States and Its Implications 一、引言：智识地震？ 在《美国历史学评论》2001年刊登的一篇书评中，戴蒙德（Neil J. Diamant）开篇即讲：“过去的十年中，一场...
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白德瑞 作者
沐恭朝夕
广西师范大学出版社2021版
维舟
广西师范大学出版社2021版
柳无益
广西师范大学出版社2021版
卓阅
广西师范大学出版社2021版
Sanliy
广西师范大学出版社2021版
Levis
广西师范大学出版社2021版
何假南面百城
广西师范大学出版社2021版
哲夫成城
广西师范大学出版社2021版
养鸡场客卿
广西师范大学出版社2021版
1 有用 锄禾 2013-09-20 22:31:57
翻过
1 有用 蕺水 2019-01-22 07:15:38
非常优秀的博士论文了. 可以学习的是如何处理儒家的意识形态在各方角力和行政过程的作用, 比如对衙役的偏见可以视为gentry对国家权力的不满; informal and extrastatutory practice 延续了Philip Huang的理论架构。我对他反复用的“rational practice”抱有疑惑，到底什么行为才是rational的？
0 有用 sharpy 2011-10-24 09:57:42
用巴縣檔案寫成了書吏與差役的歷史，有一些滿有趣的論點，但讀完就是覺得，「還行」。
0 有用 浮生若梦 2017-11-20 08:38:46
law and local society
0 有用 虚一而静 2022-05-02 12:13:26
作为社会史不错。理论分析能力稍欠火候。
0 有用 常务副momo 2023-06-18 12:25:55 美国
Clerks and runners were rationalized based on customary procedures formulated and enforced by yamen personnel themselves. This illicit legitimacy constituted a functional and durable local administrat... Clerks and runners were rationalized based on customary procedures formulated and enforced by yamen personnel themselves. This illicit legitimacy constituted a functional and durable local administrative system. Its meticulous archival work and solid narrative outweigh the boredom of the topic. Will return as the potential for continuity emerges. (展开)
0 有用 学术职人预备役 2023-06-12 14:25:16 辽宁
其实挺有用也挺有价值的一本书。
1 有用 GALAXY 2023-02-14 16:30:07 湖北
对瞿同祖的修正之作，极尽对“考试的失败者”书吏以及“社会的边缘人”衙役的同情和理解，看处在真正的裁决者——州县官和象征资本、书写权力的分享者——地方乡绅三角关系中间的他们如何自力更生、努力创造属于自己的“职业”。 接触的空间是一个“村庄”、“讨价还价”、“非正式制度”，这些概念对于国家-社会（冲突）僵硬二分法的修正都是可以理解的。但是，从政治哲学上说，经济自适应（被迫：抬垫、案费、带随从）发展... 对瞿同祖的修正之作，极尽对“考试的失败者”书吏以及“社会的边缘人”衙役的同情和理解，看处在真正的裁决者——州县官和象征资本、书写权力的分享者——地方乡绅三角关系中间的他们如何自力更生、努力创造属于自己的“职业”。 接触的空间是一个“村庄”、“讨价还价”、“非正式制度”，这些概念对于国家-社会（冲突）僵硬二分法的修正都是可以理解的。但是，从政治哲学上说，经济自适应（被迫：抬垫、案费、带随从）发展出的“合理性”不等于“正当性”或“合法性”；从实证统计上说，对动机逻辑在意义层面的有趣推断，也不能确证形象堕落（另一个例子：诉讼增加）的主导原因。 补：讲故事引人入胜，但一大问题是缺乏精确的概念和理论，概括时总有隔靴搔痒感。译本认真。 (展开)
0 有用 Simplicio 2023-01-24 01:51:46 美国
从巴县档案看清末衙门书吏与差役的日常工作生活，剖析人员构成、收入、思想准则、派系斗争等，士大夫与西方学者批评其为贪婪腐败的“爪牙”，但爪牙们填补了地方基层治理的空白，一定程度上缓解了地方财政困难、人员定额不足造成的征税、诉讼等治理问题，所谓“陋规”“滥费”等有违清律，但受内部规范，当地公布公开，缓解了书吏衙役们的生计和经费不足，逐渐形成了奠定在儒家理政思想上的职业荣誉感，客观上限制了最为恶劣的不法... 从巴县档案看清末衙门书吏与差役的日常工作生活，剖析人员构成、收入、思想准则、派系斗争等，士大夫与西方学者批评其为贪婪腐败的“爪牙”，但爪牙们填补了地方基层治理的空白，一定程度上缓解了地方财政困难、人员定额不足造成的征税、诉讼等治理问题，所谓“陋规”“滥费”等有违清律，但受内部规范，当地公布公开，缓解了书吏衙役们的生计和经费不足，逐渐形成了奠定在儒家理政思想上的职业荣誉感，客观上限制了最为恶劣的不法行为。种种非正式的规则与实践，知县、士绅、平民都心知肚明并积极加以利用，这种“瞒上不瞒下”的传统提供了窥视清末地方社会的一把钥匙。史料丰富，分析清晰，惟长篇累牍引用事例，人物众多，叙事繁复，阅读理解门槛较高。 (展开)
0 有用 虚一而静 2022-05-02 12:13:26
作为社会史不错。理论分析能力稍欠火候。