经济学

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• B.Modern inflation Theory 4.At any time,an economy has a given inertial or expected inflation rate.This is the rate that people have come to anticipate and that is built into labor contracts and other agreements. The inertial rate of inflation is a short run equilibrium and persists until the economy is shocked. 5.In reality, the economy receives incessant price shocks.The major kinds of shocks that propel inflation away from its inertial rate are demand pull and cost push.Demand pull inflation results from too much spending chasing too few goods,causing the aggregate demand curve to shift up and to the right. Wages and prices are then bid up in markets. Cost-push inflation is a new phenomenon of modern industrial economies and occurs when the costs of production rise even in periods of hi... (查看原文)

  静噪两相安 1赞 2015-10-23 19:32:38

• Summary: A.Economics of Risk and Uncertainty 1.Economic life is full of uncertainty.Consumers face uncertain incomes and employment patterns (模式、花样)as well as the threat (威胁、恐吓、凶兆)of catastrophic (灾难的、惨重的、悲惨结局的)losses; businesses have uncertain costs, and their revenues contain uncertainties about price and production. 2.In well-functioning (很好功能和作用)markets,arbitrage(套汇、套利、仲裁), speculation(投机买卖、思考；投机活动、推断),and insurance help smooth out (弄平、缓和、调节)the unavoidable(不可避免的、不得已的) risks. Speculators (投机倒把者、投机商人、垄断收买人)are people who buy and sell assets or commodities with an eye to making profits on price differentials across markets. They move goods across regions from low-price to high-price markets, across time from periods of abundance to periods of scarcity, and even across uncertain states of... (查看原文)

  静噪两相安 1赞 2015-11-11 09:41:01

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