Kluge

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  第132页

  Synge (p < 0.05)

  电梯里的关门键原来只是个安慰剂按键。基本上是没用的，但可以增加人们的控制感，从而提升用户体验。 (更多)

  电梯里的关门键原来只是个安慰剂按键。基本上是没用的，但可以增加人们的控制感，从而提升用户体验。 (收起)

  2011-03-20 11:49:29   回应

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  第147页

  Synge (p < 0.05)

  英国的一个调查发现, 公司开会时, 有1/3的人会进行性幻想... (更多)

  英国的一个调查发现, 公司开会时, 有1/3的人会进行性幻想... (收起)

  2011-03-22 02:06:33   回应

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  第1页

  VeraTulips (Et in Arcadia Ego)

  笔记： 目录： remnant of history memory belief choice language pleasure things fall apart true wisdom 扉页: Living organisms are history structures: literally creations of history. They represent not a perfect product of engineering, but a patchwork of odd sets pieced together with when and where opportunities arose --- Francois Jacob. P7: Remnant of History Evolutionary psycholog... (更多)

  笔记：

  目录：

  remnant of history

  memory

  belief

  choice

  language

  pleasure

  things fall apart

  true wisdom

  扉页:

  Living organisms are history structures: literally creations of history. They represent not a perfect product of engineering, but a patchwork of odd sets pieced together with when and where opportunities arose --- Francois Jacob.

  P7: Remnant of History

  Evolutionary psychology view by John Toody and Leda Cosmides.

  Because natural selection is a hill-climbing process that tends to choose the best of the variant designs that actually appear, and because of the immense numbers of alternatives that appear over the vast expanse of evolutionary time, natural selection tends to cause the accumulation of superlatively well engineered functional designs.

  P11:

  Evolution isn't about perfection. It is about "satisficing". That outcome might be beautiful and elegant or it might be a kluge.

  Evolutionary inertia. --- key point of this book.

  本書作者主要就是反對一味的強調完美的進化的理論，講述進化過程中不完美的Kluge，這是由於進化慣性決定的，並沒有一開始就想著完美的模式進化，而是在過程中環境不斷提出了要求，從而在已經進化的基礎上進行修改，從而可能就創造了不完美的但是有效的Kluge。例如，我們的脊柱，並不是完美進化；視覺中，眼睛儘管進化的比較完美，但是仍然有盲點存在，所以也並不完美。

  P18: Memory 記憶是人類心智最大的kluge

  Your memory is a monster; you forget --- it doesn't. it simply files things away. it keeps things for you, or hides thins from you --- and summons them to your recall with a will of it's own. you think you have a memory; but it has you! --- John Irving.

  Cognitive Idiosyncrasy

  fast for gist, poor for detail.

  what we remember and what we forget are a function of context, frequency and recency, not a means of attaining inner peace.

  P42

  mental contamination: halo effect and the the reverse pitchfork effect; focusing illusion; anchoring and adjustment; mere familiarity; confirmation bias (automatic confirm what we like or believe) and the complementary motivated reasoning (scrutinize ideas that we don't like).

  P55: Pollyanna 1913, Eleanor Porter wrote children novel named Pollyanna, a story of a girl who looked on the bright side of every situation. two connotations: (1)eternal optimists; (2)optimism exceeds the rational bounds of reality.

  However, you see what you want to see, and you hear what you want to hear.

  P63

  people evaluate syllogism using two different neural circuits, one more closely associated with logic and spatial reasoning (bilateral parietal), the other more closely associated with prior belief (frontal-temporal). the former (logic and spatial) is effortful than the later invoked automatically.

  作者在全書主要想說的就是思維和選擇是有兩個不同系統存在的，一個是reflexive system，這個系統重要是比較古老的系統，有中腦、基底神經節和杏仁核這種在進化中較早出現的結構參與反應，反應快，但是過於原始；另一個是 deliberative system，主要是新皮層負責，反應慢，但是更加理性。作者認為新皮層和高級的理性功能的出現還不夠進入到進化過程中，沒有成為基因的表達，所以我們的邏輯和推理很多都是後天學習的，這些功能沒有在進化的一開始就設計好，而是疊加在reflexive system上面的，所以可以成為是kluge。另外作者認為重要的不是那個系統最後能夠進化成完美，而是應該關注兩個系統的interact，這個是最重要的。

  P65

  belief is stitched together out of three fundamental components: a capacity for memory; a capacity for inference; and a capacity for perception.

  P87

  what is kluge is not so much the fact that people sometimes rely on emotions but rather the way those emotions interact with the deliberative system.

  choice: long-term vs short-term

  P122

  language was built, rapidly, or a haphazard patchwork of mechanism that originally evolved for other purpose. (收起)

  2011-12-02 17:56:45   回应

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• 

  第1页

  VeraTulips (Et in Arcadia Ego)

  笔记： 目录： remnant of history memory belief choice language pleasure things fall apart true wisdom 扉页: Living organisms are history structures: literally creations of history. They represent not a perfect product of engineering, but a patchwork of odd sets pieced together with when and where opportunities arose --- Francois Jacob. P7: Remnant of History Evolutionary psycholog... (更多)

  笔记：

  目录：

  remnant of history

  memory

  belief

  choice

  language

  pleasure

  things fall apart

  true wisdom

  扉页:

  Living organisms are history structures: literally creations of history. They represent not a perfect product of engineering, but a patchwork of odd sets pieced together with when and where opportunities arose --- Francois Jacob.

  P7: Remnant of History

  Evolutionary psychology view by John Toody and Leda Cosmides.

  Because natural selection is a hill-climbing process that tends to choose the best of the variant designs that actually appear, and because of the immense numbers of alternatives that appear over the vast expanse of evolutionary time, natural selection tends to cause the accumulation of superlatively well engineered functional designs.

  P11:

  Evolution isn't about perfection. It is about "satisficing". That outcome might be beautiful and elegant or it might be a kluge.

  Evolutionary inertia. --- key point of this book.

  本書作者主要就是反對一味的強調完美的進化的理論，講述進化過程中不完美的Kluge，這是由於進化慣性決定的，並沒有一開始就想著完美的模式進化，而是在過程中環境不斷提出了要求，從而在已經進化的基礎上進行修改，從而可能就創造了不完美的但是有效的Kluge。例如，我們的脊柱，並不是完美進化；視覺中，眼睛儘管進化的比較完美，但是仍然有盲點存在，所以也並不完美。

  P18: Memory 記憶是人類心智最大的kluge

  Your memory is a monster; you forget --- it doesn't. it simply files things away. it keeps things for you, or hides thins from you --- and summons them to your recall with a will of it's own. you think you have a memory; but it has you! --- John Irving.

  Cognitive Idiosyncrasy

  fast for gist, poor for detail.

  what we remember and what we forget are a function of context, frequency and recency, not a means of attaining inner peace.

  P42

  mental contamination: halo effect and the the reverse pitchfork effect; focusing illusion; anchoring and adjustment; mere familiarity; confirmation bias (automatic confirm what we like or believe) and the complementary motivated reasoning (scrutinize ideas that we don't like).

  P55: Pollyanna 1913, Eleanor Porter wrote children novel named Pollyanna, a story of a girl who looked on the bright side of every situation. two connotations: (1)eternal optimists; (2)optimism exceeds the rational bounds of reality.

  However, you see what you want to see, and you hear what you want to hear.

  P63

  people evaluate syllogism using two different neural circuits, one more closely associated with logic and spatial reasoning (bilateral parietal), the other more closely associated with prior belief (frontal-temporal). the former (logic and spatial) is effortful than the later invoked automatically.

  作者在全書主要想說的就是思維和選擇是有兩個不同系統存在的，一個是reflexive system，這個系統重要是比較古老的系統，有中腦、基底神經節和杏仁核這種在進化中較早出現的結構參與反應，反應快，但是過於原始；另一個是 deliberative system，主要是新皮層負責，反應慢，但是更加理性。作者認為新皮層和高級的理性功能的出現還不夠進入到進化過程中，沒有成為基因的表達，所以我們的邏輯和推理很多都是後天學習的，這些功能沒有在進化的一開始就設計好，而是疊加在reflexive system上面的，所以可以成為是kluge。另外作者認為重要的不是那個系統最後能夠進化成完美，而是應該關注兩個系統的interact，這個是最重要的。

  P65

  belief is stitched together out of three fundamental components: a capacity for memory; a capacity for inference; and a capacity for perception.

  P87

  what is kluge is not so much the fact that people sometimes rely on emotions but rather the way those emotions interact with the deliberative system.

  choice: long-term vs short-term

  P122

  language was built, rapidly, or a haphazard patchwork of mechanism that originally evolved for other purpose. (收起)

  2011-12-02 17:56:45   回应

  收藏

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• 

  第19页

  Synge (p < 0.05)

  people typically spend 55 minutes a day "looking for things they know they own but can't find." (更多)

  people typically spend 55 minutes a day "looking for things they know they own but can't find."

  (收起)

  2011-03-08 02:52:48   1回应

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• 

  第117页

  Synge (p < 0.05)

  人的大脑如何理解这两句话? People people left left. The rat the cat the mouse chased bit died. (更多)

  人的大脑如何理解这两句话?

  People people left left.

  The rat the cat the mouse chased bit died.

  (收起)

  2011-03-19 00:47:04   回应

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• 

  第1页

  VeraTulips (Et in Arcadia Ego)

  笔记： 目录： remnant of history memory belief choice language pleasure things fall apart true wisdom 扉页: Living organisms are history structures: literally creations of history. They represent not a perfect product of engineering, but a patchwork of odd sets pieced together with when and where opportunities arose --- Francois Jacob. P7: Remnant of History Evolutionary psycholog... (更多)

  笔记：

  目录：

  remnant of history

  memory

  belief

  choice

  language

  pleasure

  things fall apart

  true wisdom

  扉页:

  Living organisms are history structures: literally creations of history. They represent not a perfect product of engineering, but a patchwork of odd sets pieced together with when and where opportunities arose --- Francois Jacob.

  P7: Remnant of History

  Evolutionary psychology view by John Toody and Leda Cosmides.

  Because natural selection is a hill-climbing process that tends to choose the best of the variant designs that actually appear, and because of the immense numbers of alternatives that appear over the vast expanse of evolutionary time, natural selection tends to cause the accumulation of superlatively well engineered functional designs.

  P11:

  Evolution isn't about perfection. It is about "satisficing". That outcome might be beautiful and elegant or it might be a kluge.

  Evolutionary inertia. --- key point of this book.

  本書作者主要就是反對一味的強調完美的進化的理論，講述進化過程中不完美的Kluge，這是由於進化慣性決定的，並沒有一開始就想著完美的模式進化，而是在過程中環境不斷提出了要求，從而在已經進化的基礎上進行修改，從而可能就創造了不完美的但是有效的Kluge。例如，我們的脊柱，並不是完美進化；視覺中，眼睛儘管進化的比較完美，但是仍然有盲點存在，所以也並不完美。

  P18: Memory 記憶是人類心智最大的kluge

  Your memory is a monster; you forget --- it doesn't. it simply files things away. it keeps things for you, or hides thins from you --- and summons them to your recall with a will of it's own. you think you have a memory; but it has you! --- John Irving.

  Cognitive Idiosyncrasy

  fast for gist, poor for detail.

  what we remember and what we forget are a function of context, frequency and recency, not a means of attaining inner peace.

  P42

  mental contamination: halo effect and the the reverse pitchfork effect; focusing illusion; anchoring and adjustment; mere familiarity; confirmation bias (automatic confirm what we like or believe) and the complementary motivated reasoning (scrutinize ideas that we don't like).

  P55: Pollyanna 1913, Eleanor Porter wrote children novel named Pollyanna, a story of a girl who looked on the bright side of every situation. two connotations: (1)eternal optimists; (2)optimism exceeds the rational bounds of reality.

  However, you see what you want to see, and you hear what you want to hear.

  P63

  people evaluate syllogism using two different neural circuits, one more closely associated with logic and spatial reasoning (bilateral parietal), the other more closely associated with prior belief (frontal-temporal). the former (logic and spatial) is effortful than the later invoked automatically.

  作者在全書主要想說的就是思維和選擇是有兩個不同系統存在的，一個是reflexive system，這個系統重要是比較古老的系統，有中腦、基底神經節和杏仁核這種在進化中較早出現的結構參與反應，反應快，但是過於原始；另一個是 deliberative system，主要是新皮層負責，反應慢，但是更加理性。作者認為新皮層和高級的理性功能的出現還不夠進入到進化過程中，沒有成為基因的表達，所以我們的邏輯和推理很多都是後天學習的，這些功能沒有在進化的一開始就設計好，而是疊加在reflexive system上面的，所以可以成為是kluge。另外作者認為重要的不是那個系統最後能夠進化成完美，而是應該關注兩個系統的interact，這個是最重要的。

  P65

  belief is stitched together out of three fundamental components: a capacity for memory; a capacity for inference; and a capacity for perception.

  P87

  what is kluge is not so much the fact that people sometimes rely on emotions but rather the way those emotions interact with the deliberative system.

  choice: long-term vs short-term

  P122

  language was built, rapidly, or a haphazard patchwork of mechanism that originally evolved for other purpose. (收起)

  2011-12-02 17:56:45   回应

  收藏

  推荐
• 

  第147页

  Synge (p < 0.05)

  英国的一个调查发现, 公司开会时, 有1/3的人会进行性幻想... (更多)

  英国的一个调查发现, 公司开会时, 有1/3的人会进行性幻想... (收起)

  2011-03-22 02:06:33   回应

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• 

  第132页

  Synge (p < 0.05)

  电梯里的关门键原来只是个安慰剂按键。基本上是没用的，但可以增加人们的控制感，从而提升用户体验。 (更多)

  电梯里的关门键原来只是个安慰剂按键。基本上是没用的，但可以增加人们的控制感，从而提升用户体验。 (收起)

  2011-03-20 11:49:29   回应

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