第二章 比兴和双重视域

不宁惟是，《哈》剧之开场于后文仿佛anagoge，二者潜相呼应，适成就一“双重视域”（double vision）。北美宗教学者弗莱（Northrop Frye）谓基督教《圣经》之“真实本义”实为隐喻，即《新约》与《旧约》互文，其细节后前照应而不可一味托实，如《马可福音》一章六节云施洗者约翰衣驼毛、腰皮带而取食蝗虫野蜜（“Now John was clothed with camel's hair, with a leather belt around his waist”）,即对应《列王记·下》一章八节中以利亚（Elijah）之形容（“A hairy man, with a leather belt around his waist”）。按此说前人多有道及，第所用术语不同耳（中世纪之神学家固无论矣，17世纪哲人帕斯卡尔亦说约瑟乃耶稣基督之象征，二人事迹往往暗合云）。
请以此言《哈》剧开场与后文之互文关系。Horatio羽林流亚而有学者之目（c.f.I, i,51:“Thou art a scholar; speak to it, Horatio”），对观Ophelia称哈姆雷特兼美廷臣、战士、学者（III, i,161:“The courtier's, scholar's, soldier's, eye, tongue, sword”;c.f.V, ii,427-428:“Let four captains/Bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage”）语，二者殆形之与影乎；Ophelia赞其“邦国之华”（III, i,161-164:“The expectancy and rose of the fair state, /The glass of fashion and the mould of form, /The observed of all observers”）云云，其才艺风姿可想而知，唯命运“坎陷”，竟无由从容展示耳（c.f.I, iii,20-21:“his will is not his own, /For he himself is subject to his birth”; V, ii,429-430:“he was likely, had he been put on, /To have proved most royally”）。