The New Media Reader

This reader collects the texts, videos, and computer programs--many of them now almost impossible to find--that chronicle the history and form the foundation of the still-emerging field of new media. General introductions by Janet Murray and Lev Manovich, along with short introductions to each of the texts, place the works in their historical context and explain their significa...

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This reader collects the texts, videos, and computer programs--many of them now almost impossible to find--that chronicle the history and form the foundation of the still-emerging field of new media. General introductions by Janet Murray and Lev Manovich, along with short introductions to each of the texts, place the works in their historical context and explain their significance. The texts were originally published between World War II--when digital computing, cybernetic feedback, and early notions of hypertext and the Internet first appeared--and the emergence of the World Wide Web--when they entered the mainstream of public life.The texts are by computer scientists, artists, architects, literary writers, interface designers, cultural critics, and individuals working across disciplines. The contributors include (chronologically) Jorge Luis Borges, Vannevar Bush, Alan Turing, Ivan Sutherland, William S. Burroughs, Ted Nelson, Italo Calvino, Marshall McLuhan, Billy Kl?Jean Baudrillard, Nicholas Negroponte, Alan Kay, Bill Viola, Sherry Turkle, Richard Stallman, Brenda Laurel, Langdon Winner, Robert Coover, and Tim Berners-Lee. The CD accompanying the book contains examples of early games, digital art, independent literary efforts, software created at universities, and home-computer commercial software. Also on the CD is digitized video, documenting new media programs and artwork for which no operational version exists. One example is a video record of Douglas Engelbart's first presentation of the mouse, word processor, hyperlink, computer-supported cooperative work, video conferencing, and the dividing up of the screen we now call non-overlapping windows; another is documentation of Lynn Hershman's Lorna, the first interactive video art installation.

Perspectives on New Media: Two Introductions
Inventing the Medium——Janet H. Murray
New Media from Borges to HTML——Lev Manovich
I. The Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate
01. The Garden of Forking Paths——Jorge Luis Borges, 1941
02. As We May Think——Vannevar Bush, 1945
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Perspectives on New Media: Two Introductions
Inventing the Medium——Janet H. Murray
New Media from Borges to HTML——Lev Manovich
I. The Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate
01. The Garden of Forking Paths——Jorge Luis Borges, 1941
02. As We May Think——Vannevar Bush, 1945
03. Computing Machinery and Intelligence——Alan Turing, 1950
04. Men, Machines, and the World About——Norbert Wiener, 1954
05. Man-Computer Symbiosis——J. C. R. Licklider, 1960
06. 'Happenings' in the New York Scene——Allan Kaprow, 1961
07. The Cut Up Method of Brion Gysin——William S. Burroughs, 1961
08. From Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework——Douglas Engelbart, 1962
09. Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System——Ivan Sutherland, 1963
10. The Construction of Change——Roy Ascott, 1964
11. A File Structure for The Complex, The Changing, and the Indeterminate——Theodor H. Nelson, 1965
12. Six Selections by the Oulipo
One Hundred Thousand Billion Poems——Raymond Queneau, 1961
Yours for the Telling——Raymond Queneau, 1967
Brief History of the Oulipo——Jean Lescure, 1967
For a Potential Analysis of Combinatory Literature——Claude Berge, 1973
Computer and Writer: The Centre Pompidou Experiment——Paul Forunel, 1981
Prose and Anticombinatorics——Italo Calvino, 1981
II. Collective Media, Personal Media
13. Two Selections by Marshall McLuhan
The Medium is the Message (from Understanding Media), 1964
The Galaxy Reconfigured or the Plight of Mass Man in an Individualist Society (from The Gutenberg Galaxy), 1969
14. Four Selections by Experiments in Art and Technology
From "The Garden Party"——Billy Klüver, 1961
From 9 Evenings——E.A.T., 1966
[Press Release]——E.A.T., 1967
The Pavilion——Billy Klüver, 1972
15. Cybernated Art——Nam June Paik, 1966
16. A Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect——Douglas Engelbart and William English, 1968
17. From Software—Information Technology: Its New Meaning for Art——Theodor H. Nelson, Nicholas Negroponte, and Les Levine, 1970
18. Constituents of a Theory of the Media——Hans Magnus Enzensberger, 1970
19. Requiem for the Media——Jean Baudrillard, 1972
20. The Technology and the Society——Raymond Williams, 1974
21. From Computer Lib / Dream Machines——Theodor H. Nelson, 1970–1974
22. From Theatre of the Oppressed——Augusto Boal, 1974
23. From Soft Architecture Machines——Nicholas Negroponte, 1975
24. From Computer Power and Human Reason——Joseph Weizenbaum, 1976
25. Responsive Environments——Myron Krueger, 1977
26. Personal Dynamic Media——Alan Kay and Adele Goldberg, 1977
27. From A Thousand Plateaus——Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, 1980
III. Design, Activity, and Action
28. From Mindstorms——Seymour Papert, 1980
29. 'Put-That-There': Voice and Gesture at the Graphics Interface——Richard A. Bolt, 1980
30. Proposal for a Universal Electronic Publishing System and Archive (from Literary Machines)——Theodor H. Nelson, 1981
31. Will There be Condominiums in Data Space?——Bill Viola, 1982
32. The Endless Chain (from The Media Monopoly)——Ben Bagdikian, 1983
33. Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages——Ben Shneiderman, 1983
34. Video Games and Computer Holding Power (from The Second Self)——Sherry Turkle, 1984
35. A Cyborg Manifesto——Donna Haraway, 1985
36. The GNU Manifesto——Richard Stallman, 1985
37. Using Computers: A Direction for Design (from Understanding Computers and Cognition)——Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores, 1986
38. Two Selections by Brenda Laurel
The Six Elements and Causal Relations Among Them (from Computers as Theater), 1991
Star Raiders: Dramatic Interaction in a Small World, 1986
39. Towards a New Classification of Tele-Information Services——J. L. Bordewijk and B. van Kaam, 1986
IV. Revolution, Resistance, and the Launch of the Web
40. Mythinformation——Langdon Winner, 1986
41. From Plans and Situated Actions——Lucy A. Suchman, 1987
42. Siren Shapes: Exploratory and Constructive Hypertexts——Michael Joyce, 1988
43. The Work of Culture in the Age of Cybernetic Systems——Bill Nichols, 1988
44. The Fantasy Beyond Control——Lynn Hershman, 1990
45. Cardboard Computers——Pelle Ehn and Morten Kyng, 1991
46. The Lessons of Lucasfilm's Habitat——Chip Morningstar and R. Randall Farmer, 1991
47. Seeing and Writing (from Writing Space)——J. David Bolter, 1991
48. You Say You Want a Revolution? Hypertext and the Laws of Media——Stuart Moulthrop, 1991
49. The End of Books——Robert Coover, 1992
50. Time Frames (from Understanding Comics)——Scott McCloud, 1993
51. Surveillance and Capture: Two Models of Privacy——Philip E. Agre, 1994
52. Nonlinearity and Literary Theory——Espen Aarseth, 1994
53. Nomadic Power and Cultural Resistance——Critical Art Ensemble, 1994
54. The World Wide Web——Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, Ari Loutonen, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, and Arthur Secret, 1994
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