Vietnam

request 1919: not independence , but republican reformism

Bao Dai solution as brainchild of Confucian French mind

Japanese rule indochina through the French

On 9 March 1945, Japanese launched a coup overthrowing 80years of French rule in a matter of days. The country was free of French rule, but not the Japanese

August revolution of 1945

Famine during Japanese occupation Dec 1944 till May 1945 killed about 1million

Vietminh leaders rode a famine driven wave of angry peasant hunger to power in mid 1945

Even as the French leaders watched Dien Bien Phu fall to the communists, they could not bring themselves to free the associated state of Vietnam from its imperial association for fear of what might happen elsewhere in their union if they did

After Geneva conference 1954 two parallel and separate states: DRV sovereign north Vietnam and still less then entirely independent ASV South Vietnam

In 1964, both Washington and Hanoi chose war and in so doing expected their respective southern allies to fall into step

Chinese in the south lost an estimated two billion dollars in the late 1970s due to the nationalization of their property, businesses and industries.

Hanoi required all Chinese living in the socialist republic of Vietnam to become Vietnamese nationalists or leave in 1977

Chinese maintained support of the Khmers rouges in Cambodia, convinced that they needed this country on their side in order to keep the Vietnamese from taking over all of former French Indochina and then handing it to the soviets (when Nixon visited China )— 3rd indochina war

Gorbachev accepted deng xiaoping’s three demands for normalizing sino-Soviet relations - reduction of soviet troops on the sino-Soviet border, the withdrawal of soviet troops from Afghanistan, and end of soviet backed Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia.