作者:
Paul Davies 出版社: University of Chicago Press 副标题: How Hidden Webs of Information Are Solving the Mystery of Life 出版年: 2019-10 页数: 272 定价: $30.00 装帧: Hardcover ISBN: 9780226669700
A Financial Times, Sunday Times, and Telegraph Best Science Book of the Year
What is life? For generations, scientists have struggled to make sense of this fundamental question, for life really does look like magic: even a humble bacterium accomplishes things so dazzling that no human engineer can match it. Huge advances in molecular biology over ...
A Financial Times, Sunday Times, and Telegraph Best Science Book of the Year
What is life? For generations, scientists have struggled to make sense of this fundamental question, for life really does look like magic: even a humble bacterium accomplishes things so dazzling that no human engineer can match it. Huge advances in molecular biology over the past few decades have served only to deepen the mystery.
In this penetrating and wide-ranging book, world-renowned physicist and science communicator Paul Davies searches for answers in a field so new and fast-moving that it lacks a name; it is a domain where biology, computing, logic, chemistry, quantum physics, and nanotechnology intersect. At the heart of these diverse fields, Davies explains, is the concept of information: a quantity which has the power to unify biology with physics, transform technology and medicine, and force us to fundamentally reconsider what it means to be alive—even illuminating the age-old question of whether we are alone in the universe.
From life’s murky origins to the microscopic engines that run the cells of our bodies, The Demon in the Machine journeys across an astounding landscape of cutting-edge science. Weaving together cancer and consciousness, two-headed worms and bird navigation, Davies reveals how biological organisms garner and process information to conjure order out of chaos, opening a window onto the secret of life itself.
作者简介
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Paul Davies is a theoretical physicist, cosmologist, astrobiologist, broadcaster, and best-selling author. A winner of the prestigious Templeton Prize, he is Regents’ Professor of Physics and director of the Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science at Arizona State University.
目录
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Preface
1. What is Life?
2. Enter the Demon
3. The Logic of Life
4. Darwinism 2.0
5. Spooky Life and Quantum Demons
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Preface
1. What is Life?
2. Enter the Demon
3. The Logic of Life
4. Darwinism 2.0
5. Spooky Life and Quantum Demons
6. Almost a Miracle
7. The Ghost in the Machine
Epilogue
Further Reading
Notes
Illustration Credits
Index
· · · · · · (收起)
信息的量化是从工程师克劳德・香农( Claude Shannon)在20世纪40年代中期热忱开展的相关工作开始的。香农是一个古怪和不擅长社交的人。他在美国的贝尔实验室工作,主要关注如何将编码信息准确传递出去。当该研究项目启动时,第二次世界大战正在进行中:如果你只能听到嘶嘶的广播声或者噼噼啪啪的电话信号,你要用什么方法才能让语言以尽可能正确的方式传递出去呢?香农开始研究应该如何编码,才能让信息错漏的风险最小化。这一项目在1949年结出了硕果,香农出版了《通信的数学原理》一书。该书的问世非常低调,但历史可以判定,它是科学史上的一个关键性事件,可以径直触达薛定谔的问题“生命是什么”的核心。
香农一开始就对信息做出了数学上的严格定义,他选择的定义引出了不确定性的概念。简单来说就是,当你获取信息时,你正在学习你之前不知道的东西,因此你对那个东西的不确定性降低了。想象抛一枚质地均匀的硬币,它落地后正面朝上和反面朝上的概率各为s0。在它没落地之前,你未看到结果,也就完全不能确定结果是什么。当你看到结果时,不确定性随之降低(在这个例子中,不确定性降至零)。类似这样的二元选择是最简单的情况,并且与计算直接相关,因为计算机就是用二进制编码的方式来处理信息的,只包含1和0两个元素。这些符号的物理实现只需要一种双态系统,比如开关,要么处于打开状态,要么处于关闭状态。简言之,人们采用了香农的方法,二进制数字或比特(bit)成为量化信息的标准方式。顺带说句,一个字节有8个比特。信息处理速度通常用吉赫表示,代表每秒有10亿比特翻转。当你看到抛硬币的结果时,两种概率相等的状态就合并为一种确定的状态,你因此获得了1比特的信息。 (查看原文)
澳大利亚宇宙学家和著名科普作家保罗·戴维斯(Paul Davies)的作品《生命与新物理学》(The Demon in the Machine),其书名直译为“机器中的魔鬼”。这其实是作者对于生命所做的一个很形象的比喻。机器象征着物理学法则,而魔鬼则是能有效处理信息的机制,两者相结合,就是生...
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澳大利亚宇宙学家和著名科普作家保罗·戴维斯(Paul Davies)的作品《生命与新物理学》(The Demon in the Machine),其书名直译为“机器中的魔鬼”。这其实是作者对于生命所做的一个很形象的比喻。机器象征着物理学法则,而魔鬼则是能有效处理信息的机制,两者相结合,就是生...
(展开)
还没人写过短评呢