Tools for Conviviality is a 1973 book by Ivan Illich about the proper use of technology. It was published only two years after his previous book Deschooling Society. In this new work Illich generalized the themes that he had previously applied to the field of education: the institutionalization of specialized knowledge, the dominant role of technocratic elites in industrial society, and the need to develop new instruments for the reconquest of practical knowledge by the average citizen. He wrote that "[e]lite professional groups ... have come to exert a 'radical monopoly' on such basic human activities as health, agriculture, home-building, and learning, leading to a 'war on subsistence' that robs peasant societies of their vital skills and know-how. The result of much economic development is very often not human flourishing but 'modernized poverty', dependency, and an out-of-control system in which the humans become worn-down mechanical parts." Illich proposed that we should "invert the present deep structure of tools" in order to "give people tools that guarantee their right to work with independent efficiency."
The idea of the 'radical monopoly' is also applied to the effects of cars on the urban form, as "speedy vehicles of all kinds render space scarce." Ivan Illich contributes to a radical critique of modern urbanism: "this monopoly over land turns space into car fodder. It destroys the environment for feet and bicycles. Even if planes and buses could run as nonpolluting, nondepleting public services, their inhuman velocities would degrade man's innate mobility and force him to spend more time for the sake of travel."
0 有用 pirandello 2022-03-01 08:22:41
1973 fontana collins 1989 日本エディタースクール出版部 制度规定目的
0 有用 Charlsy 2022-03-30 01:06:37
There’re some good (and radical) ideas here and there but are poorly argued. 对教育和交通的看法很有趣。以及这种重批判轻建设的毒舌散文有时读起来实在很爽(?
0 有用 Charlsy 2022-03-30 01:06:37
There’re some good (and radical) ideas here and there but are poorly argued. 对教育和交通的看法很有趣。以及这种重批判轻建设的毒舌散文有时读起来实在很爽(?
0 有用 pirandello 2022-03-01 08:22:41
1973 fontana collins 1989 日本エディタースクール出版部 制度规定目的