英文写作指南

规则五 不要用逗号连接独立分句- Stevenson’s romances are entertaining; they are full of exciting adventures.- Stevenson’s romances are entertaining. They are full of exciting adventures.- Stevenson’s romances are entertaining, for they are full of exciting adventures.- It is nearly half past five, and we can not reach town before dark.- I had never been in this place before; besides, it was dark as a tomb.

- 规则二十二 把一个句子中要强调的词放在句末 - 作者想要强调的词或词组，在句中的恰当位置通常是句末： - Humanity has hardly advanced in fortitude since that time, though it has advanced in many other ways. - Since that time, humanity has advanced in many ways, but it has hardly advanced in fortitude. - This steel is principally used for making razors, because of its hardness. - Because of its hardness, this steel is used principally for making razors. - 能位于这个强调位置上的词或词组通常是逻辑上的谓语——即句中提示未知信息的部分。 - 掉尾句之所以有力，是因为它突出了主句： - With these hops and in this belief I would urge you, laying aside all hindrance, thrusting away all private aims, to devote yourself unswervingly and unflinchingly to the vigorous and successful prosecution of this war. - 句中另一强调的未知是句首。句中除主语外的任一成分置于句首时，都受到强调： - Deceit or treachery he could never forgive. - Vast and rude, fretted by the action of nearly three thousand years, the fragments of this architecture may often seem, at first sight, like works of nature. - Home is the sailor.

- 规则二十 把相关的词放在一起 - 把意思相关词和词组放在一起，把不慎相关的词和词组隔开。注意比较以下表达： - He noticed a large stain in the rug that was right in the center. - He noticed a large stain in the centre of the rug. - You can call you mother in London and tell her all about George’s taking you out to dinner for just sixty cents. - For just six cents you can call your mother in London and tell her all about George’s taking you out to dinner. - New York’s first commercial humans perm bank opened Friday with semen samples from 18 men frozen in a stainless steel tank. - New York’s first commercial humans perm bank opened Friday when semen samples were taken from 18 men. The Samples were then frozen and stored in a stainless steel tank. - 句子的主语和主要动词通常不应该让一个短语或从句隔开，这个短语或从句可以移到句子的开头： - Wordsworth, in the fifth book of The Excursion, gives a minute description of the church. - In the fifth book of The Excursion, Wordsworth gives a minute description of this church. - A dog, if you fail to discipline him, becomes a household pest. - Unless disciplined, a dog becomes a household pest. - 大多数情况下，关系代词应紧接在它的先行词之后 - There was a stir in the audience that suggested disapproval. - A stir that suggested disapproval swept the audience. - He wrote three articles about his adventures in Spain, which were published in Harper’s Magazine. - He published three articles in Harper’s Magazine about his adventures in Spain. - This is a portrait of Benjamin Harrison, grandson of William Henry Harrison, who became President in 1889. - This is a portrait of Benjamin Harrison, who became President in 1889. He was the grandson of William Henry Harrison. - 如果先行词是一个词组，在不会引起奇异的情况下，将关系词置于该词组的末尾： - The superintendent of the Chicago Division, who... - 但下句应改称其下面的形式： - A proposal to amend the Sherman Act, which has been variously judged… - A proposal, which has been variously judged, to amend the Sherman Act… - The grandson of William Henry Harrison, who... - William Henry Harrison’s grandson, Benjamin Harrison, who… - 用作同位语的名词可以位于先行词和关系词之间，不会产生歧义： - The Duke of York, his brother, who was regarded with hostility by the Whigs... - 修飾語的位置應該盡可能靠近它們所修飾的詞。如果有好幾個詞修飾同一個詞，則應将它们做适当的排列，以免产生错误的修饰关系： - All the members were not present. - Not all the members were present. - He only found two mistakes. - He found only two mistakes. - The chairman said he hoped all members would give generously to the Fund at a meeting of the committee yesterday. - At the meeting of the committee yesterday, the chairman said he hoped all members would give generously to the Fund. - Major R.E. Joyce will give a lecture on Tuesday evening in Bailey Hall, to which the public is invited on “My Experiences in Mesopotamia” at eight P.M. 时间到底是修饰什么的？ - On Tuesday evening at eight, Major R.E. Joyce will give a lecture in Bailey Hall on his experiences in Mesopotamia. The public is invited. 时间到底是修饰什么的？

- 规则十九 使用相似的形式表达并列的意思 - 内容和功能上相似的表达方式外表要相似。 - Formerly science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed. - Formerly, science was fought by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method. - 凡适用于一组词语中的哥哥词的介词或冠词，要么只在第一个词前使用，要么在每一个词前都用。 - in spring, summer, or winter - in spring, in summer, or in winter - 有些词在某些习惯用法中需要一个特定的介词。当这些词在一个复合结构中连用，除非介词相同，否则必须把所有恰当的介词都表达出来。 - His speech was marked by disagreement with and scorn for his opponent’s position. - 关联词语 both, and、not, but、not only, but also、either, or、first, second, third 等应后随相同的语法结构（表达方式）。 - The ceremony was both long and tedious. - A time not for words but for action. - You must either grant his request or incur his ill will. - My objection are, first, that the measure is unjust; second, that it is unconstitutional.